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All in the Family

"We are family, get up ev'rybody and sing."
Sister Sledge, We Are Family (1979)

I was nine years old when this song was released. I know it's silly, but a ‘pop culture' reference seemed an appropriate lead for a section that some will find immediately useful and others overly technical. If you think you're the latter, your appreciation of gemstones won't be lessened by skipping to the next section, but later you might find it difficult to understand how gemstones' chemical composition (mineralogical class), mineral families/groups and even their colours, all fit together. You'd be surprised how useful considering a gem in relation to its nearest counterparts can be, especially for complicated families like Garnet.

The following charts group gems based on their chemical composition (e.g. silicates, oxides and hydroxides) and mineral families (e.g. Corundum, Beryl and Feldspar).
 
Borates
Howlite - - -
Sinhalite - - -


Carbon
Diamond Black Diamond - -
Blue Diamond - -
Champagne Diamond - -
Green Diamond - -
Pink Diamond - -
Red Diamond - -
Yellow Diamond - -


Carbonates
Azurmalachite - - -
Aragonite - - -
Azurite - - -
Calcite - - -
Cerussite - - -
Chrysocolla - - -
Dolomite - - -
Malachite - - -
Rhodochrosite - - -
Smithsonite - - -


Halides
Fluorite Bi Colour Fluorite - -


Igneous Rock
Obsidian Snowflake Obsidian - -


Organics
Amber - - -
Jet - - -
Pearl Akoya Pearl - -
Freshwater Pearl - -
Mabe Pearl - -
Mother of Pearl - -
South Sea Pearl - -
Tahitian Pearl - -
Shell - - -


Oxides & Hydroxides
Cassiterite - - -
Chysoberyl Alexandrite Cat’s Eye Alexandrite -
Chrysoberyl Cat’s Eye Chrysoberyl -
Vanadium Chrysoberyl -
Corundum Ruby Tanzanian Ruby -
Star Ruby -
Sapphire Blue Sapphire Ceylon Sapphire
Kanchanaburi Sapphire
Midnight Blue Sapphire
Fancy Sapphire Black Star Sapphire
Colour Change Sapphire
Green Sapphire
Orange Sapphire
Padparadscha Colour Sapphire
Padparadscha Sapphire
Pink Sapphire
Purple Sapphire
Star Sapphire
Sunset Sapphire
White Sapphire
Yellow Sapphire
Cuprite - - -
Diaspore Zultanite Cat’s Eye Zultanite -
Hematite - - -
Rutile - - -
Spinel Black Spinel - -
Blue Spinel - -
Fancy Spinel - -
Gahnite - -
Noble Red Spinel - -
Pink Spinel - -
Purple Spinel - -


Phosphates
Amblygonite - - -
Apatite Caribbean Blue Apatite Neon Blue Apatite -
Brazilianite - - -
Lazulite - - -
Turquoise - - -


Silicates
Amazonite Cat’s Eye Actinolite - - -
Andalusite - - - -
Axinite - - - -
Beryl Aquamarine AAA Aquamarine Santa Maria Aquamarin -
Cat’s Eye Aquamarine - -
Bixbite Pezzottaite (related variety, but not always regarded as a member of the Beryl family) - -
Emerald AAA Emerald Colombian Emerald Trapiche Emerald
Goshenite - - -
Heliodor - - -
Morganite Bi Colour Morganite - -
Yellow Beryl - - -
Chondrodite - - - -
Clinohumite - - - -
Danburite Cat’s Eye Danburite - - -
Pink Danburite - - -
Diopside Russian Diopside (also known as Chrome Diopside) - - -
Star Diopside - - -
Dioptase - - - -
Dumortierite - - - -
Enstatite Bronzite - - -
Epidote - - - -
Euclase - - - -
Feldspar Andesine - - -
  Labradorite - - -
  Moonstone Rainbow Moonstone - -
  Orthoclase - - -
  Spectrolite - - -
  Sunstone Star Sunstone - -
Garnet  Pyralspites Almandine Mozambique Garnet -
Pyrope Mozambique Garnet (Pyrope and Almandine) -
Rhodolite (Pyrope and Almandine) -
Spessartite Mandarin Garnet -
Malaia Garnet (intermediate composition Spessartite and Pyrope) Colour Change Garnet
Umbalite (Pyrope and Almandine with traces of Spessartite) -
Ugrandites Andradite Demantoid -
Grossular Mali Garnet (Andradite and Grossular) -
Merelani Mint Garnet -
Hessonite -
Tsavorite AAA Tsavorite
Uvarovite - -
Hauyne - - - -
Hemimorphite - - - -
Hypersthene - - - -
Idocrase - - - -
Iolite - - - -
Jade Jadeite - - -
Nephrite - - -
Kornerupine - - - -
Kyanite - - - -
Lapis Lazuli - - - -
Lepidolite - - - -
Mookite - - - -
Natrolite - - - -
Opal Black Opal - - -
Blue Fire Opal - - -
Blue Opal - - -
Boulder Opal - - -
Fire Opal - - -
Green Opal - - -
Jelly Opal - - -
Matrix Opal - - -
Pink Opal - - -
Semi Black Opal - - -
White Opal - - -
Yellow Opal - - -
Pectolite Larimar - - -
Peridot - - - -
Petalite - - - -
Phenakite - - - -
Prehnite - - - -
Quartz  Amethyst Bi Colour Amethyst Green Amethyst -
Rose de France Amethyst - -
Ametrine Sunburst Ametrine - -
Bi Colour Quartz - - -
Blueberry Quartz - - -
Blue Moon Quartz - - -
Chalcedony Agate Fire Agate -
Aventurine - -
Bloodstone - -
Carnelian - -
Chrysoprase - -
Jasper - -
Onyx Sardonyx -
Sard - -
Citrine Bi Colour Citrine - -
Cognac Quartz - - -
Lavender Quartz - - -
Lemon Citrine - - -
Olive Quartz - - -
Ouro Verde Quartz - - -
Phantom Quartz - - -
Rainbow Quartz - - -
Rose Quartz - - -
Rutile Quartz Graffiti Quartz - -
Smoky Quartz - - -
Tiger’s Eye - - -
Tourmalinated Quartz - - -
White Quartz - - -
Quartzite - - - -
Rhodonite - - - -
Scapolite Cat’s Eye Scapolite - - -
Serpentine - - - -
Sillimanite Cat’s Eye Sillimanite - - -
Star Sillimanite - - -
Sodalite - - - -
Sphene - - - -
Spodumene Hiddenite - - -
Kunzite Green Kunzite - -
Patroke Kunzite - -
Yellow Kunzite - -
White Kunzite Bi Colour Kunzite -
Staurolite - - - -
Sugilite - - - -
Thomsonite - - - -
Topaz Canary Topaz - - -
Cherry Topaz - - -
Flamingo Topaz - - -
Grape Topaz - - -
Imperial Topaz - - -
Kiwi Topaz - - -
London Blue Topaz - - -
Moonlight Topaz - - -
Mulberry Topaz - - -
Mystic Topaz - - -
Neptune Topaz - - -
Ocean Topaz - - -
Sky Blue Topaz - - -
Swiss Blue Topaz - - -
Twilight Topaz - - -
White Topaz - - -
Tourmaline Elbaite Bi Colour Tourmaline - -
Black Tourmaline - -
Blue Green Tourmaline Pirineu Tourmaline -
Cuprian Tourmaline Pink Curprian Tourmaline -
Fancy Tourmaline - -
Green Tourmaline Santa Rosa Tourmaline Chrome Tourmaline
Indicolite Mutuca Indicolite -
Paraíba Tourmaline - -
Pink Tourmaline - -
Rubellite Shimoyo Rubellite -
Dravite Chrome Tourmaline - -
Unakite - - - -
Zircon Ratanakiri Zircon Ratanakiri Zircon Saffron Zircon -
Zoisite Tanzanite AAA Tanzanite Bi Colour Tanzanite -


Sulphates & Chromates
Anglesite - - -
Baryte - - -
Celestine - - -
Gypsum - - -


Sulphides
Marcasite - - -
Pyrite - - -
Sphalerite - - -


Tektites
Moldavite - - -


Tungstates
Scheelite - - -
Chapter 1
Chapter 2
Chapter 3
Chapter 4
Customer Service

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